December 27, 2006 journal, when Abraham Lincoln waged treasonous war against the Southern states, quoting from Ben Graydon in the Times Examiner weekly, "He ran up a tremendous war debt. He turned where most heads of state had been conditioned to turn to the heads of the banks of England and Europe, the Rothschild’s-and asked for backing. They were only too happy to comply ... on certain conditions. First, Lincoln would have to authorize the rechartering of the Bank of the United States. (The failure of Congress to recharter the First Bank of the United States had led to the war of 1812, which led to the chartering of the Second Bank of the United States, which lasted until President Andrew Jackson "I killed a bank" vetoed its renewal.) Lincoln thought he could get a better deal and well ... you know what happened to him. Lincoln's debt did not disappear, however, and guess who bought it? The same family who Lincoln had snubbed earlier, and before long, they came knocking. Congress had another problem: everything they had done, at Lincoln's behest or no, since 1861, they had done outside of their job description under the constitution. In legal terms, that is called "ultra vires". A government body or any entity can do only what its founding charter says it can do: to go beyond that, everyone at the helm can be held liable for all of those extra legal acts. And they had done a lot from suspending the constitution and habeas corpus and out right war crimes in the South. To continuing to act as if they had congressional authority when they clearly had no quorum, after the Southern states walked out. So, what does any good businessman do to protect himself from personal liability for faults of his business? He incorporates, so Congress did just that. In 1871, Congress passed the District of Columbia Organic Act, incorpor-ating the government of the United States just as if it were a business-for, you see, by 1871, that is what I was, a business with more debt than it could pay. Well, one might say, cities incorporate as municipalities, so what happened in DC in 1871 was no big deal, not so, as Washington had already incorporated as a municipality in 1808. What happened was a necessary move by Congress to cover it derrieres for their numerous bad acts over the ten year period and probably had every authority under the Constitution to do so. Article 1-8 says: the Congress shall have power to exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such a district (not exceeding 10 miles square) as may become, the seat of the government of the United States ... and to make all laws which may be necessary and proper for carrying into executing the foregoing powers." or at least they would have had this power if they were lawfully acting as Congress at the time, as we al- ready noted, however, Congress ceased to have the legal quorum necessary once the Southern states walked out, but then Lincoln declared martial law and ...so if you can get over the hurdle of the absence of congressional quorum and see that incorporation was legal under the constitution, what was its effect?: Namely this: anytime thereafter regist-ered with the Corporation or entering into any kind of contract therewith was legally under its complete control. Congress' authority over the states under the Constitution is virtually nonexistent; under a Corporate contract, however, it could be great. Article 1-10 prohibit any state from passing any law impairing the Obligation of Contracts. Contracts, therefore, trump the Constitution in authority (as do all "Debts, Engagements" and "Treat-ies", according to article V-1.) Clearly the Constitution is a commercial law document, and it makes itself subservient to private contracts. So the United States became a Corp. in 1871, operating apart from the original Constitution, though they adopted it and its first 12 Commandments as their own. The corporation discarded the 13th Amendment and started their own 13th Commandment, supposedly outlawing slavery. The goal of the corporation, however, was to either eventually enslave all free Americans and every state under the control of a private "not public" foreign (to the United States of America) Corp. controlled by the international creditors, namely the Rothchild banks. In the 1960's, the individual states also incorporated under the aegis of the federal corporation, primarily because they needed protection for violating Article 1-10 of the Constitution in making "anything but gold and silver a Tender in payment of debts" by issuing a private foreign currency federal Reserve notes. Now most of us are bound by many contracts to serve both the state and federal corporations-our debts, licenses, registrations, banking, real estate, etc. And we wonder why we lose when we attempt to argue our cases in corporat-ion courts, never realizing that our very presence there grants them jurisdiction. So, how to be free? Stay tuned". Until we get our facts straight we live in such grave darkness.